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Open Space Livability Index – Presentation Wal21BCN 2008 CONFERENCE PAPER · APRIL 2008
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2 AUTHORS: Cynthia Echave
Salvador Rueda
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9 PUBLICATIONS 29 CITATIONS
Agencia Ecologia Urbana de Barcelona
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Agencia Ecologia Urbana de Barcelona
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Available from: Cynthia Echave Retrieved on: 09 February 2016
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Cynthia Echave – Salvador Rueda Agencia de Ecología Urbana de Barcelona
9TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WALKING AND LIVEABLE COMMUNITIES
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona 2008 2008 Barcelona Walking
Contents Objectives of the Liveability Index Description of variables Case of study: Vitoria Conclusions
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
Objectives of the Liveability Index • Create an integral evaluation system based on open space indicators.
• Create a methodology that allows to analyze quality of open spaces from a human scale. • Identify potential aspects for planning decision strategies.
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
Description of variables 01 Ergonomical
Affect people’s displacement and movement in open space.
02 Psychological
Affect on people’s attraction.
03 Physiological
Affect on people’s health and comfort wellness.
04 Proximity
Affect on people’s walking daily activities.
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
Evaluation of variables IH =
[∑ Ve + ∑ Vps + ∑ Vf + ∑ Vpe] 12
IH = Liveability Index ∑ Ve = ergonomical variables ∑ Vps = psychological variables ∑ Vf = physiological variables ∑ Vpe = proximity variables
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
5
Optimal conditions
4
Satisfactory
3
Unsatisfactory
2
Poor
1
Critical
Barcelona Walking 2008
01 Ergonomical Affect on people’s displacement and movement.
Open space distribution
Accessibility level
Relation between buildings and sky view area
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
01 Ergonomical Affect on people’s displacement and movement.
Open space distribution The percentage of the total area of the street assigned to pedestrians. 5
> 90%
4
75% – 90%
3
50% – 75%
2
25% – 50%
1
< 25%
< 50%
> 60% Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
02 Ergonomical Affect on people’s displacement and movement
Accessibility level Measures accessibility in order to handicap necessities. Accessible slop Sidewalks > 2,5m Accessible slop 1 Sidewalk >2.5m
< 5%
Accessible slop Sidewalks < 2,5m Inaccessible slop 1 Sidewalk >2.5m Inaccessible slop Sidewalks < 2,5m
< 2,5 m. Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
02 Ergonomical Affect on people’s displacement and movement
Relation buildings and sky view area Evaluates street compactness and the equilibrium between open space and buildings.
20% – 40% (36º – 72º) 40% – 60% (72º – 108º)
60% – 80% (108º – 144º) < 20% (> 36º) > 80% (> 144º)
6 bits /information per individual 5 – 6 bits /information per individual 4 – 5 bits /information per individual 3 – 4 bits /information per individual > 3 bits /information per individual
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
02 Psychological Affect on people’s attraction.
Attractive activities Percentage of detail stores, shoe shops, food, bakeries, etc. of the total activities per street.
> 80%
> 80% 60% – 80%
> 60%
40% – 60% 20% – 40%
< 20%
> 60%
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
02 Psychological Affect on people’s attraction.
Green Volume Takes into account the % of green respect the visual camp of a person.
> 30% 20% – 30% 10% – 20%
> 30%
5% – 10%
< 5%
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
03 Physiological Affect on people’s comfort and health wellness.
Sound level
Air quality
Thermal comfort hours/day
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
03 Physiological Affect on people’s comfort and health wellness.
Sound level Streets are classified depending on sound levels which the principal noise source is daily vehicular intensity. < 55 dB 60 – 65 dB
65 – 70 dB 70 – 75 dB > 75 dB
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
03 Physiological Affect on people’s comfort and health wellness.
Air quality Pollution levels of particles (PM10) and NOx considered the worst particles suspended at ground level. The evaluation responds to WHO ranks.
< 20µg/m3
< 20 µg/m3 20 a 40 µg/m3 40 a 45 µg/m3 45 a 50 µg/m3 > 50 µg/m3
> 50µg/m3 Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
03 Physiological
J
I
Affect on people’s comfort and health wellness.
H
G
F
E
Thermal comfort hours/day Evaluates the thermal conditions of streets according to vegetation presence, pavements’ materials and morphology characteristics. It considers the number of comfort hours per day as indicator. > 10hrs 8hrs – 10hrs 6hrs – 8hrs
D
C
Zona 1
B
A
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
-120 -111 -116 -123 -117 -119 -74 19 -20 -67 36 17 20 37 70 89 96 117 -57 -80 -95 -109 -115 -126
-121 -112 -117 -124 -118 -119 -27 -104 -82 -64 34 14 17 35 68 88 95 119 109 -53 -94 -109 -116 -127
-117 -108 -113 -120 -115 -117 -80 23 -64 -73 -41 -46 19 36 69 89 98 122 112 -74 -90 -105 -112 -123
-116 -107 -113 -120 -114 -116 -105 -78 48 74 76 71 22 -8 -16 -40 88 144 123 -71 -88 -104 -111 -122
-112 -104 -109 -116 -110 -113 -104 -93 -53 77 -34 78 93 116 150 -6 -31 15 126 -67 -85 -100 -107 -118
-114 -105 -111 -118 -112 -116 -106 -101 -91 -68 -50 -40 33 53 91 111 37 -40 116 -70 -87 -102 -109 -120
-115 -106 -111 -118 -113 -116 -107 22 -93 -71 43 -42 -36 -33 11 94 103 123 -13 -74 -88 -102 -109 -120
-115 -106 -112 -119 -113 -116 -108 23 -60 -60 -50 -37 -26 41 -1 -39 -46 121 -15 -76 -89 -103 -110 -121
-117 -108 -113 -120 -115 -117 -108 27 -86 -64 -36 19 19 -40 -40 -44 82 119 104 -78 -91 -105 -111 -122
-117 -108 -114 -121 -115 -118 -109 24 38 49 8 -49 -28 -43 -13 -14 -51 117 -61 -80 -92 -106 -112 -123
5.00 33.3
4.00 26.7
4.00 26.7
5.00 33.3
4.00 26.7
4.00 26.7
6.00 40.0
7.00 46.7
6.00 40.0
8.00 53.3
100% Radiación Solar
Reflexión y Emisión de Arbolado
4hrs – 6hrs
Radiación de Onda larga emitida por fachadas
Radiación Solar Absorbida
< 4hrs Perdidas por Convección y Evaporación Radiación de onda larga emitida por pavimentos
Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005 Jun 15, 2005
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00
Horas de confort %de confort
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
% confort 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 60.00 30.00 10.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 80.00 50.00 50.00 30.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Barcelona Walking 2008
04 Proximity Affect on people’s walking daily activities.
Accessibility to sustainable mobility networks Adjust streets according to distance to public transportation system, bicycles and pedestrians’ networks.
Accessibility to daily supply Adjust streets according to the number of bakeries, butcheries, fisheries, food stores, pharmacies and supermarkets that they have in less than 300m of distance.
Accessibility to public facilities Classifies streets according to the number of public facilities(education, sanitary, assistance, administrative, sport, and cultural) that it has in less than 300m.
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
Case of study: Vitoria Mobility and Open Space Plan 230.000 habitants • New public transport network • New hierarchy of streets • New bicycle network • Urban corridors proposal
• Reduction vehicles flow transit • Reduction of noise and pollution levels • Increment of open space assigned to pedestrians. • Increment vegetation and substitution pavements on urban corridors.
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
Results Actual
Proposal
4% 8%
17%
9%
22% 21% 29% 33% 37%
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
20%
Barcelona Walking 2008
Results
H
Actual
Proposal
7%
1%
12%
31%
2% 23%
24% 27%
37%
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
36% Barcelona Walking 2008
Results Actual
Proposal
1%
12%
17%
2% 3% 16%
51% 36% 62%
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
Results
H
16% 28%
4% 3% 1%
55%
20% 28%
45%
Optimal conditions Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Poor Critical
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
Results
H 0,8% 0,5% 0,8% 10,7% 31% 45%
27%
27,8% 26,5%
30%
Optimal conditions Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Poor Critical
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008
Results and Conclusions Indice de habitabilidad (ergonómicas + psicológicas + fisiológicas) 0,4 15,9 55,1
Actual 27,5
Muy alto Alto Regular Bajo Muy bajo
1,1
3,7 28,0
45,7
Propuesta 20,0 2,6
0,0
10,0
20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 % del total de extensión de calles
• The results of actual situation have coincidence in the principal pedestrians and commercial axes of the city. • Mobility Plan strategies improve noise and pollution levels.
60,0
• Compact context have better results rather than isolated placements.
Indice de habitabilidad (ergonómicas + psicológicas + fisiológicas + perceptivas) 0,5 27,2 26,5
Actual
45,1
Muy alto Alto Regular Bajo Muy bajo
0,8 10,7 27,8 30,0 30,6
Propuesta 0,8 0,0
10,0
20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 % del total de extensión de calles
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
• The diversity level is one of the variables that most depends on time. Increasing it needs economical strategies.
60,0
Barcelona Walking 2008
Thank you [email protected] www.bcnecologia.net
Open space liveability index Índice de habitabilidad en el espacio publico
Barcelona Walking 2008